daylight savings

• Question:-daylight savings?
  what is the point of daylight savings?
  y do we all have to change the time?
  why not just leave the time as it is?
  
  Answer:-Daylight savings time exists so that we can have extra sunlight in the summer evenings rather than in the mornings. The idea is that most people do their own things in the evening and its a waste of sunlight for the sun to rise at 5 in the morning when a simple time change can keep the time the sun is up close to the same year round.
  
  The idea of daylight savings time was first thought of by Benjamin Franklin in 1784.
  
  Many nations have adopted some sort of daylight savings time.
• Question:-Daylight Savings?
  Why were the daylight savings start and end dates changed?
  
  Answer:-Bush thinks that changing the day we set back the clocks for daylight savings will save energy. That is like when he said to try to drive downhill as much as you can in order to save gas. We all can drive downhill to work,and drive downhill home! All my clocks,and computer, that were pre-programed at the factory are now obsolete,and show the WRONG time. How's that 10,000$ Rolex doing with the new time change? Now kids get run over in the dark by drivers that are trying to get to work late cuz their clocks are screwed up!
  THANKS GEORGE !
• Question:-Daylight savings?
  When is the next daylight savings time
  I dont know if it changes anything but im in Utah
  
  Answer:-it will be in October around Halloween time
• Question:-When does Daylight Savings Time start and end in each part of the world?
  Explain it to me please! The whole scenario. Everything about it. If daylight savings time starts at 12:00 AM does 12:00 AM last for 2 hours? Do we have more daylight or more night time at which times? Which countries don't observe it and why? What is DST anyways?
  
  Answer:-The main purpose of Daylight Saving Time (called "Summer Time" in many places in the world) is to make better use of daylight. We change our clocks during the summer months to move an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening. Countries have different change dates. Daylight Saving Time gives us the opportunity to enjoy sunny summer evenings by moving our clocks an hour forward in the spring.
  
  If you live near the equator, day and night are nearly the same length (12 hours). But elsewhere on Earth, there is much more daylight in the summer than in the winter. The closer you live to the North or South Pole, the longer the period of daylight in the summer. Thus, Daylight Saving Time (Summer Time) is usually not helpful in the tropics, and countries near the equator generally do not change their clocks.
  
  Conservation-wise, the rationale behind the 1975 study of DST-related energy savings was that energy use and the demand for electricity for lighting homes is directly related to the times when people go to bed at night and rise in the morning. In the average home, 25 percent of electricity was used for lighting and small appliances, such as TVs and stereos. A good percentage of energy consumed by lighting and appliances occurred in the evening when families were home. By moving the clock ahead one hour, the amount of electricity consumed each day decreased.
  
  As far as the places that do NOT acknowledge DST, In the U.S., Arizona doesn’t observe Daylight Saving Time, but the Navajo Nation (parts of which are in three states) does. However, the Hopi Reservation, which is entirely surrounded by the Navajo Nation, doesn’t observe DST. In effect, there is a donut-shaped area of Arizona that does observe DST, but the “hole” in the center does not.
  ALSO, the Equatorial and tropical countries (lower latitudes) generally do not observe Daylight Saving Time. Since the daylight hours are similar during every season, there is no advantage to moving clocks forward during the summer. China has had a single time zone since May 1, 1980, observing summer Daylight Saving Time from 1986 through 1991; they do not observe DST now.
  
  Hope this helped.
• Question:-When is the fall change from Daylight savings time to Daylight Standard Time in 2007?
  I saw a sign that talked about checking your batteries in your smoke detectors. But it didn't give the date of the conversion from daylight savings time to daylight standard time.
  
  When will that happen?
  
  Answer:-Sunday morning Nov. 4th at 2 am at your local time
  the clocks FALL BACK ONE HOUR to 1am !!
  
  A lot of folks will be considerably early for church that morning
• Question:-Why does daylight savings time now begins in March and ends in November instead of April and October?
  Before 2007, daylight savings time begins in April and ends in October. Why did the government change to March and November now? Remember the daylight savings take an hour away.
  
  Answer:-It is to save energy, less lights on.
• Question:-How do i get the daylight savings time update on my cable box?
  I've been out of town for awhile and i plugged my cable box back in last night and the tv guide updated but the time hasn't been updated for daylight savings time. Will it update automatically or do i have to call comcast? There is no option to change it.
  
  Answer:-Your cable people have to do the update. It should be done automatically, if not, try unplugging it again and replugging and it should update. It that fails, call Comcast.
• Question:-When does daylight savings time start?
  I need to know when daylight savings time starts in the United States 2009? Can anyone help me?
  
  Answer:-March 8th, 2 AM precisely.
• Question:-How do you deal with daylight savings time and bedtime?
  My daughter (5 months) goes to bed around 7:30, but I am not sure what to do after daylight savings. Do you keep the same time (bedtime now at 8:30) or do you gradually move bedtime back up to what would have been 6:30. Can I just say I have always hated daylight savings, but now even more.
  
  Answer:-I would keep the same bedtime (now 8:30) as because it will be spring and summer soon and daylight will last longer. You and your family will be doing more in the evening so if babys bedtime is a little later it will be good. When it changes back in the fall the baby will once again go to bed earlier when its fall and winter and dark earlier.
• Question:-Daylight savings time. How much daylight have we saved so far and when are we going to use it again?
  We open a savings account so we can use the money later when we need it. I was still a child when they started saving daylight somewhere or they would not have called it that. After all these years, we should have saved up a couple of weeks of daylight. When will it be okay to use it again?
  
  Answer:-it is continually used up every day when the time is reset back.

cl p

• Question:-What is the best electric supply company other than CL&P?
  I just got a phone call from an electric supply company saying they can give me a lower rate on my electric bill... I understand electric companies were deregulated 10 years ago...is there a particular company that is better than the others? Thanks in advance!
  I live in Connecticut!
  
  Answer:-not knowing where you live makes it hard to give you a good answer.
• Question:-How many electrons are in the second energy level for Cl, P, and K?
  
  
  Answer:-All elements past Neon (number 10) have full "second energy levels" in the ground state.
  Therefore, Cl, K, and P all have 8 electrons, denoted as 2s2 2p6
• Question:-Use a table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 and the average P-Cl bond energy in P?
  Use a table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 and the average P-Cl bond energy in PCl3.
  
  D(P-Cl) =.......... kJ/mol
  
  Use the P-Cl bond energy and the atomization energy of POCl3 to determine the P-O bond energy in POCl3.
  
  D(P-O) = ........kJ/mol
  
  Answer:-
  the table @ http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/react2.htm
  lists the the average P-Cl bond energy as 79 kcal /mole, (aka 331kJ/mole)
  
  Using that table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 : you break 3 P-Cl bonds @ 331kJ each =
  your first answer: 993 kJ
  ==========================================
  
  I believe your second question wants us to use this reaction:
  PCl3 (g) --> P (g) & 3 Cl(g) to find a comparable bond ernergy instead of using the 79kj/mol
  
  PCl3 (g) --> P (g) & 3 Cl(g)
  dH reaction = dHf's products - reactants
  dH reaction = [ 316.4 kJ /mol P(g) & (3 mol)(121.7 kJ/mol Cl(g)] - [-288.07 kJ/mole PCl3(g)]
  
  dH reaction = 681.5 + 288.07
  
  dH reaction = 969.6 to break 3 P-Cl bonds
  
  so your answer to,... "the average P-Cl bond energy in PCl3" :
  969.6 / 3 = 323.2 kj / mol
  
  this tells you that it requires less energy to break the P-Cl bonds in PCl3 than the average P-Cl bond,... which means that those P-Cl bonds in PCl3 are more unstable than the average P-Cl bond
  =================================================
  
  
  the atomization energy of POCl3 , using dHf's for the reaction:
  POCl3 (g) --> P(g) & 3Cl (g) & O (g)
  
  dH reaction = dHf's products - reactants
  dH reaction = [ 316.4 kJ /mol P(g) & (3 mol)(121.7 kJ/mol Cl(g) & 247.5kJ/mol O] - [-542.2 kJ/mole POCl3(g)]
  
  dH reaction = 929.0 + 542.2
  
  dH reaction = 1471.1
  
  1471.1 = breaking 3moles P-Cl bonds & 1mole P=O bond
  1471.1 = (3mol P-Cl )(331 kJ/mole) & 1mole P=O bond
  1471.1 = 993 & 1mole P=O bond
  1mole P=O bond = 478 kJ/mole
  
  that answer compares closely to the textbook answer for P=O in POCl3 of 460 kJ/mol.
  
  realize that dH's & bond energies varyt from reference to reference, you may have to make adjustments to the calculations using your data tables
  
  
  
  
• Question:-Which of the elements: Al, Si, P, S, Cl, or Ar should have the lowest 4th ionization energy?
  Which of the elements: Al, Si, P, S, Cl, or Ar should have the lowest 4th ionization energy?
  
  Answer:-Silicon.-
• Question:-Why is a P-Cl bond in a molecule PCl5 is more polar than P-S in a molecule of P2S5?
  In terms of electronegativity.
  
  Answer:-because Cl is more electronegative than S
• Question:-What bond angle is the Cl-P-Cl and what Shape arrangement?
  
  
  Answer:-PCl3 or PCl5?
  
  PCl3 = 107 (109.5 - 1 * 2.5 for each lone pair)
  it's trigonal pyramidal
  
  PCl5 = 90 for axial and 120 for equatorial
  it's trigonal bipyramidal
• Question:-For PCl6 (-) some of the Cl-P-Cl bonds are 180. What is the angle of the other Cl-P-Cl bonds, in degrees?
  
  
  Answer:-not enough info to answer all triangles have to equal 180 you need to know what angles are there and sub for x x1 and x2
• Question:-In the bond Cl-P the dipole points toward the?
  In the bond Cl-P the dipole points toward the
  
  Cl or the P?
  
  Answer:-Cl, because it is more electronegative.
• Question:-What is K_p at 500 K for the reaction 2NO + Cl_2 <--> 2 NOCl?
  The partial pressures in an equilibrium mixture of NO, Cl_2, and NOCl at 500 K are as follows:
  P_NO = 0.240 atm, P_{Cl_2} = 0.608 atm, P_NOCl = 1.35 atm.
  
  Answer:-products on top and reactants on the bottom
  take the NOCl concentration to the 2nd power
  divded by
  the reactants NO to the 2nd power and Cl2 to the 1st power
• Question:-What is the ion for Na,Ca,K,Al,Sr,N,P,Cl,S,Br & I ?
  Can you please give me with the protons & electrons,at least ELECTRONS like this =
  Li => P=3 & E=2
  Thank u !
  
  Answer:-Ions are Na+, Ca2+, K+, Al3+, Sr2+, N3-, etc.
  It is easy to use the periodic table to work out what you want from there. You should be able to do that as it is simply electrons loss or gain , depending on ion charge.

cl p

• Question:-What is the best electric supply company other than CL&P?
  I just got a phone call from an electric supply company saying they can give me a lower rate on my electric bill... I understand electric companies were deregulated 10 years ago...is there a particular company that is better than the others? Thanks in advance!
  I live in Connecticut!
  
  Answer:-not knowing where you live makes it hard to give you a good answer.
• Question:-How many electrons are in the second energy level for Cl, P, and K?
  
  
  Answer:-All elements past Neon (number 10) have full "second energy levels" in the ground state.
  Therefore, Cl, K, and P all have 8 electrons, denoted as 2s2 2p6
• Question:-Use a table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 and the average P-Cl bond energy in P?
  Use a table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 and the average P-Cl bond energy in PCl3.
  
  D(P-Cl) =.......... kJ/mol
  
  Use the P-Cl bond energy and the atomization energy of POCl3 to determine the P-O bond energy in POCl3.
  
  D(P-O) = ........kJ/mol
  
  Answer:-
  the table @ http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/react2.htm
  lists the the average P-Cl bond energy as 79 kcal /mole, (aka 331kJ/mole)
  
  Using that table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 : you break 3 P-Cl bonds @ 331kJ each =
  your first answer: 993 kJ
  ==========================================
  
  I believe your second question wants us to use this reaction:
  PCl3 (g) --> P (g) & 3 Cl(g) to find a comparable bond ernergy instead of using the 79kj/mol
  
  PCl3 (g) --> P (g) & 3 Cl(g)
  dH reaction = dHf's products - reactants
  dH reaction = [ 316.4 kJ /mol P(g) & (3 mol)(121.7 kJ/mol Cl(g)] - [-288.07 kJ/mole PCl3(g)]
  
  dH reaction = 681.5 + 288.07
  
  dH reaction = 969.6 to break 3 P-Cl bonds
  
  so your answer to,... "the average P-Cl bond energy in PCl3" :
  969.6 / 3 = 323.2 kj / mol
  
  this tells you that it requires less energy to break the P-Cl bonds in PCl3 than the average P-Cl bond,... which means that those P-Cl bonds in PCl3 are more unstable than the average P-Cl bond
  =================================================
  
  
  the atomization energy of POCl3 , using dHf's for the reaction:
  POCl3 (g) --> P(g) & 3Cl (g) & O (g)
  
  dH reaction = dHf's products - reactants
  dH reaction = [ 316.4 kJ /mol P(g) & (3 mol)(121.7 kJ/mol Cl(g) & 247.5kJ/mol O] - [-542.2 kJ/mole POCl3(g)]
  
  dH reaction = 929.0 + 542.2
  
  dH reaction = 1471.1
  
  1471.1 = breaking 3moles P-Cl bonds & 1mole P=O bond
  1471.1 = (3mol P-Cl )(331 kJ/mole) & 1mole P=O bond
  1471.1 = 993 & 1mole P=O bond
  1mole P=O bond = 478 kJ/mole
  
  that answer compares closely to the textbook answer for P=O in POCl3 of 460 kJ/mol.
  
  realize that dH's & bond energies varyt from reference to reference, you may have to make adjustments to the calculations using your data tables
  
  
  
  
• Question:-Which of the elements: Al, Si, P, S, Cl, or Ar should have the lowest 4th ionization energy?
  Which of the elements: Al, Si, P, S, Cl, or Ar should have the lowest 4th ionization energy?
  
  Answer:-Silicon.-
• Question:-Why is a P-Cl bond in a molecule PCl5 is more polar than P-S in a molecule of P2S5?
  In terms of electronegativity.
  
  Answer:-because Cl is more electronegative than S
• Question:-What bond angle is the Cl-P-Cl and what Shape arrangement?
  
  
  Answer:-PCl3 or PCl5?
  
  PCl3 = 107 (109.5 - 1 * 2.5 for each lone pair)
  it's trigonal pyramidal
  
  PCl5 = 90 for axial and 120 for equatorial
  it's trigonal bipyramidal
• Question:-For PCl6 (-) some of the Cl-P-Cl bonds are 180. What is the angle of the other Cl-P-Cl bonds, in degrees?
  
  
  Answer:-not enough info to answer all triangles have to equal 180 you need to know what angles are there and sub for x x1 and x2
• Question:-In the bond Cl-P the dipole points toward the?
  In the bond Cl-P the dipole points toward the
  
  Cl or the P?
  
  Answer:-Cl, because it is more electronegative.
• Question:-What is K_p at 500 K for the reaction 2NO + Cl_2 <--> 2 NOCl?
  The partial pressures in an equilibrium mixture of NO, Cl_2, and NOCl at 500 K are as follows:
  P_NO = 0.240 atm, P_{Cl_2} = 0.608 atm, P_NOCl = 1.35 atm.
  
  Answer:-products on top and reactants on the bottom
  take the NOCl concentration to the 2nd power
  divded by
  the reactants NO to the 2nd power and Cl2 to the 1st power
• Question:-What is the ion for Na,Ca,K,Al,Sr,N,P,Cl,S,Br & I ?
  Can you please give me with the protons & electrons,at least ELECTRONS like this =
  Li => P=3 & E=2
  Thank u !
  
  Answer:-Ions are Na+, Ca2+, K+, Al3+, Sr2+, N3-, etc.
  It is easy to use the periodic table to work out what you want from there. You should be able to do that as it is simply electrons loss or gain , depending on ion charge.

cl p

• Question:-What is the best electric supply company other than CL&P?
  I just got a phone call from an electric supply company saying they can give me a lower rate on my electric bill... I understand electric companies were deregulated 10 years ago...is there a particular company that is better than the others? Thanks in advance!
  I live in Connecticut!
  
  Answer:-not knowing where you live makes it hard to give you a good answer.
• Question:-How many electrons are in the second energy level for Cl, P, and K?
  
  
  Answer:-All elements past Neon (number 10) have full "second energy levels" in the ground state.
  Therefore, Cl, K, and P all have 8 electrons, denoted as 2s2 2p6
• Question:-Use a table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 and the average P-Cl bond energy in P?
  Use a table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 and the average P-Cl bond energy in PCl3.
  
  D(P-Cl) =.......... kJ/mol
  
  Use the P-Cl bond energy and the atomization energy of POCl3 to determine the P-O bond energy in POCl3.
  
  D(P-O) = ........kJ/mol
  
  Answer:-
  the table @ http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/react2.htm
  lists the the average P-Cl bond energy as 79 kcal /mole, (aka 331kJ/mole)
  
  Using that table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 : you break 3 P-Cl bonds @ 331kJ each =
  your first answer: 993 kJ
  ==========================================
  
  I believe your second question wants us to use this reaction:
  PCl3 (g) --> P (g) & 3 Cl(g) to find a comparable bond ernergy instead of using the 79kj/mol
  
  PCl3 (g) --> P (g) & 3 Cl(g)
  dH reaction = dHf's products - reactants
  dH reaction = [ 316.4 kJ /mol P(g) & (3 mol)(121.7 kJ/mol Cl(g)] - [-288.07 kJ/mole PCl3(g)]
  
  dH reaction = 681.5 + 288.07
  
  dH reaction = 969.6 to break 3 P-Cl bonds
  
  so your answer to,... "the average P-Cl bond energy in PCl3" :
  969.6 / 3 = 323.2 kj / mol
  
  this tells you that it requires less energy to break the P-Cl bonds in PCl3 than the average P-Cl bond,... which means that those P-Cl bonds in PCl3 are more unstable than the average P-Cl bond
  =================================================
  
  
  the atomization energy of POCl3 , using dHf's for the reaction:
  POCl3 (g) --> P(g) & 3Cl (g) & O (g)
  
  dH reaction = dHf's products - reactants
  dH reaction = [ 316.4 kJ /mol P(g) & (3 mol)(121.7 kJ/mol Cl(g) & 247.5kJ/mol O] - [-542.2 kJ/mole POCl3(g)]
  
  dH reaction = 929.0 + 542.2
  
  dH reaction = 1471.1
  
  1471.1 = breaking 3moles P-Cl bonds & 1mole P=O bond
  1471.1 = (3mol P-Cl )(331 kJ/mole) & 1mole P=O bond
  1471.1 = 993 & 1mole P=O bond
  1mole P=O bond = 478 kJ/mole
  
  that answer compares closely to the textbook answer for P=O in POCl3 of 460 kJ/mol.
  
  realize that dH's & bond energies varyt from reference to reference, you may have to make adjustments to the calculations using your data tables
  
  
  
  
• Question:-Which of the elements: Al, Si, P, S, Cl, or Ar should have the lowest 4th ionization energy?
  Which of the elements: Al, Si, P, S, Cl, or Ar should have the lowest 4th ionization energy?
  
  Answer:-Silicon.-
• Question:-Why is a P-Cl bond in a molecule PCl5 is more polar than P-S in a molecule of P2S5?
  In terms of electronegativity.
  
  Answer:-because Cl is more electronegative than S
• Question:-What bond angle is the Cl-P-Cl and what Shape arrangement?
  
  
  Answer:-PCl3 or PCl5?
  
  PCl3 = 107 (109.5 - 1 * 2.5 for each lone pair)
  it's trigonal pyramidal
  
  PCl5 = 90 for axial and 120 for equatorial
  it's trigonal bipyramidal
• Question:-For PCl6 (-) some of the Cl-P-Cl bonds are 180. What is the angle of the other Cl-P-Cl bonds, in degrees?
  
  
  Answer:-not enough info to answer all triangles have to equal 180 you need to know what angles are there and sub for x x1 and x2
• Question:-In the bond Cl-P the dipole points toward the?
  In the bond Cl-P the dipole points toward the
  
  Cl or the P?
  
  Answer:-Cl, because it is more electronegative.
• Question:-What is K_p at 500 K for the reaction 2NO + Cl_2 <--> 2 NOCl?
  The partial pressures in an equilibrium mixture of NO, Cl_2, and NOCl at 500 K are as follows:
  P_NO = 0.240 atm, P_{Cl_2} = 0.608 atm, P_NOCl = 1.35 atm.
  
  Answer:-products on top and reactants on the bottom
  take the NOCl concentration to the 2nd power
  divded by
  the reactants NO to the 2nd power and Cl2 to the 1st power
• Question:-What is the ion for Na,Ca,K,Al,Sr,N,P,Cl,S,Br & I ?
  Can you please give me with the protons & electrons,at least ELECTRONS like this =
  Li => P=3 & E=2
  Thank u !
  
  Answer:-Ions are Na+, Ca2+, K+, Al3+, Sr2+, N3-, etc.
  It is easy to use the periodic table to work out what you want from there. You should be able to do that as it is simply electrons loss or gain , depending on ion charge.

cl p

• Question:-What is the best electric supply company other than CL&P?
  I just got a phone call from an electric supply company saying they can give me a lower rate on my electric bill... I understand electric companies were deregulated 10 years ago...is there a particular company that is better than the others? Thanks in advance!
  I live in Connecticut!
  
  Answer:-not knowing where you live makes it hard to give you a good answer.
• Question:-How many electrons are in the second energy level for Cl, P, and K?
  
  
  Answer:-All elements past Neon (number 10) have full "second energy levels" in the ground state.
  Therefore, Cl, K, and P all have 8 electrons, denoted as 2s2 2p6
• Question:-Use a table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 and the average P-Cl bond energy in P?
  Use a table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 and the average P-Cl bond energy in PCl3.
  
  D(P-Cl) =.......... kJ/mol
  
  Use the P-Cl bond energy and the atomization energy of POCl3 to determine the P-O bond energy in POCl3.
  
  D(P-O) = ........kJ/mol
  
  Answer:-
  the table @ http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/react2.htm
  lists the the average P-Cl bond energy as 79 kcal /mole, (aka 331kJ/mole)
  
  Using that table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 : you break 3 P-Cl bonds @ 331kJ each =
  your first answer: 993 kJ
  ==========================================
  
  I believe your second question wants us to use this reaction:
  PCl3 (g) --> P (g) & 3 Cl(g) to find a comparable bond ernergy instead of using the 79kj/mol
  
  PCl3 (g) --> P (g) & 3 Cl(g)
  dH reaction = dHf's products - reactants
  dH reaction = [ 316.4 kJ /mol P(g) & (3 mol)(121.7 kJ/mol Cl(g)] - [-288.07 kJ/mole PCl3(g)]
  
  dH reaction = 681.5 + 288.07
  
  dH reaction = 969.6 to break 3 P-Cl bonds
  
  so your answer to,... "the average P-Cl bond energy in PCl3" :
  969.6 / 3 = 323.2 kj / mol
  
  this tells you that it requires less energy to break the P-Cl bonds in PCl3 than the average P-Cl bond,... which means that those P-Cl bonds in PCl3 are more unstable than the average P-Cl bond
  =================================================
  
  
  the atomization energy of POCl3 , using dHf's for the reaction:
  POCl3 (g) --> P(g) & 3Cl (g) & O (g)
  
  dH reaction = dHf's products - reactants
  dH reaction = [ 316.4 kJ /mol P(g) & (3 mol)(121.7 kJ/mol Cl(g) & 247.5kJ/mol O] - [-542.2 kJ/mole POCl3(g)]
  
  dH reaction = 929.0 + 542.2
  
  dH reaction = 1471.1
  
  1471.1 = breaking 3moles P-Cl bonds & 1mole P=O bond
  1471.1 = (3mol P-Cl )(331 kJ/mole) & 1mole P=O bond
  1471.1 = 993 & 1mole P=O bond
  1mole P=O bond = 478 kJ/mole
  
  that answer compares closely to the textbook answer for P=O in POCl3 of 460 kJ/mol.
  
  realize that dH's & bond energies varyt from reference to reference, you may have to make adjustments to the calculations using your data tables
  
  
  
  
• Question:-Which of the elements: Al, Si, P, S, Cl, or Ar should have the lowest 4th ionization energy?
  Which of the elements: Al, Si, P, S, Cl, or Ar should have the lowest 4th ionization energy?
  
  Answer:-Silicon.-
• Question:-Why is a P-Cl bond in a molecule PCl5 is more polar than P-S in a molecule of P2S5?
  In terms of electronegativity.
  
  Answer:-because Cl is more electronegative than S
• Question:-What bond angle is the Cl-P-Cl and what Shape arrangement?
  
  
  Answer:-PCl3 or PCl5?
  
  PCl3 = 107 (109.5 - 1 * 2.5 for each lone pair)
  it's trigonal pyramidal
  
  PCl5 = 90 for axial and 120 for equatorial
  it's trigonal bipyramidal
• Question:-For PCl6 (-) some of the Cl-P-Cl bonds are 180. What is the angle of the other Cl-P-Cl bonds, in degrees?
  
  
  Answer:-not enough info to answer all triangles have to equal 180 you need to know what angles are there and sub for x x1 and x2
• Question:-In the bond Cl-P the dipole points toward the?
  In the bond Cl-P the dipole points toward the
  
  Cl or the P?
  
  Answer:-Cl, because it is more electronegative.
• Question:-What is K_p at 500 K for the reaction 2NO + Cl_2 <--> 2 NOCl?
  The partial pressures in an equilibrium mixture of NO, Cl_2, and NOCl at 500 K are as follows:
  P_NO = 0.240 atm, P_{Cl_2} = 0.608 atm, P_NOCl = 1.35 atm.
  
  Answer:-products on top and reactants on the bottom
  take the NOCl concentration to the 2nd power
  divded by
  the reactants NO to the 2nd power and Cl2 to the 1st power
• Question:-What is the ion for Na,Ca,K,Al,Sr,N,P,Cl,S,Br & I ?
  Can you please give me with the protons & electrons,at least ELECTRONS like this =
  Li => P=3 & E=2
  Thank u !
  
  Answer:-Ions are Na+, Ca2+, K+, Al3+, Sr2+, N3-, etc.
  It is easy to use the periodic table to work out what you want from there. You should be able to do that as it is simply electrons loss or gain , depending on ion charge.

cl p

• Question:-What is the best electric supply company other than CL&P?
  I just got a phone call from an electric supply company saying they can give me a lower rate on my electric bill... I understand electric companies were deregulated 10 years ago...is there a particular company that is better than the others? Thanks in advance!
  I live in Connecticut!
  
  Answer:-not knowing where you live makes it hard to give you a good answer.
• Question:-How many electrons are in the second energy level for Cl, P, and K?
  
  
  Answer:-All elements past Neon (number 10) have full "second energy levels" in the ground state.
  Therefore, Cl, K, and P all have 8 electrons, denoted as 2s2 2p6
• Question:-Use a table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 and the average P-Cl bond energy in P?
  Use a table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 and the average P-Cl bond energy in PCl3.
  
  D(P-Cl) =.......... kJ/mol
  
  Use the P-Cl bond energy and the atomization energy of POCl3 to determine the P-O bond energy in POCl3.
  
  D(P-O) = ........kJ/mol
  
  Answer:-
  the table @ http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/react2.htm
  lists the the average P-Cl bond energy as 79 kcal /mole, (aka 331kJ/mole)
  
  Using that table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 : you break 3 P-Cl bonds @ 331kJ each =
  your first answer: 993 kJ
  ==========================================
  
  I believe your second question wants us to use this reaction:
  PCl3 (g) --> P (g) & 3 Cl(g) to find a comparable bond ernergy instead of using the 79kj/mol
  
  PCl3 (g) --> P (g) & 3 Cl(g)
  dH reaction = dHf's products - reactants
  dH reaction = [ 316.4 kJ /mol P(g) & (3 mol)(121.7 kJ/mol Cl(g)] - [-288.07 kJ/mole PCl3(g)]
  
  dH reaction = 681.5 + 288.07
  
  dH reaction = 969.6 to break 3 P-Cl bonds
  
  so your answer to,... "the average P-Cl bond energy in PCl3" :
  969.6 / 3 = 323.2 kj / mol
  
  this tells you that it requires less energy to break the P-Cl bonds in PCl3 than the average P-Cl bond,... which means that those P-Cl bonds in PCl3 are more unstable than the average P-Cl bond
  =================================================
  
  
  the atomization energy of POCl3 , using dHf's for the reaction:
  POCl3 (g) --> P(g) & 3Cl (g) & O (g)
  
  dH reaction = dHf's products - reactants
  dH reaction = [ 316.4 kJ /mol P(g) & (3 mol)(121.7 kJ/mol Cl(g) & 247.5kJ/mol O] - [-542.2 kJ/mole POCl3(g)]
  
  dH reaction = 929.0 + 542.2
  
  dH reaction = 1471.1
  
  1471.1 = breaking 3moles P-Cl bonds & 1mole P=O bond
  1471.1 = (3mol P-Cl )(331 kJ/mole) & 1mole P=O bond
  1471.1 = 993 & 1mole P=O bond
  1mole P=O bond = 478 kJ/mole
  
  that answer compares closely to the textbook answer for P=O in POCl3 of 460 kJ/mol.
  
  realize that dH's & bond energies varyt from reference to reference, you may have to make adjustments to the calculations using your data tables
  
  
  
  
• Question:-Which of the elements: Al, Si, P, S, Cl, or Ar should have the lowest 4th ionization energy?
  Which of the elements: Al, Si, P, S, Cl, or Ar should have the lowest 4th ionization energy?
  
  Answer:-Silicon.-
• Question:-Why is a P-Cl bond in a molecule PCl5 is more polar than P-S in a molecule of P2S5?
  In terms of electronegativity.
  
  Answer:-because Cl is more electronegative than S
• Question:-What bond angle is the Cl-P-Cl and what Shape arrangement?
  
  
  Answer:-PCl3 or PCl5?
  
  PCl3 = 107 (109.5 - 1 * 2.5 for each lone pair)
  it's trigonal pyramidal
  
  PCl5 = 90 for axial and 120 for equatorial
  it's trigonal bipyramidal
• Question:-For PCl6 (-) some of the Cl-P-Cl bonds are 180. What is the angle of the other Cl-P-Cl bonds, in degrees?
  
  
  Answer:-not enough info to answer all triangles have to equal 180 you need to know what angles are there and sub for x x1 and x2
• Question:-In the bond Cl-P the dipole points toward the?
  In the bond Cl-P the dipole points toward the
  
  Cl or the P?
  
  Answer:-Cl, because it is more electronegative.
• Question:-What is K_p at 500 K for the reaction 2NO + Cl_2 <--> 2 NOCl?
  The partial pressures in an equilibrium mixture of NO, Cl_2, and NOCl at 500 K are as follows:
  P_NO = 0.240 atm, P_{Cl_2} = 0.608 atm, P_NOCl = 1.35 atm.
  
  Answer:-products on top and reactants on the bottom
  take the NOCl concentration to the 2nd power
  divded by
  the reactants NO to the 2nd power and Cl2 to the 1st power
• Question:-What is the ion for Na,Ca,K,Al,Sr,N,P,Cl,S,Br & I ?
  Can you please give me with the protons & electrons,at least ELECTRONS like this =
  Li => P=3 & E=2
  Thank u !
  
  Answer:-Ions are Na+, Ca2+, K+, Al3+, Sr2+, N3-, etc.
  It is easy to use the periodic table to work out what you want from there. You should be able to do that as it is simply electrons loss or gain , depending on ion charge.

cl p

• Question:-What is the best electric supply company other than CL&P?
  I just got a phone call from an electric supply company saying they can give me a lower rate on my electric bill... I understand electric companies were deregulated 10 years ago...is there a particular company that is better than the others? Thanks in advance!
  I live in Connecticut!
  
  Answer:-not knowing where you live makes it hard to give you a good answer.
• Question:-How many electrons are in the second energy level for Cl, P, and K?
  
  
  Answer:-All elements past Neon (number 10) have full "second energy levels" in the ground state.
  Therefore, Cl, K, and P all have 8 electrons, denoted as 2s2 2p6
• Question:-Use a table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 and the average P-Cl bond energy in P?
  Use a table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 and the average P-Cl bond energy in PCl3.
  
  D(P-Cl) =.......... kJ/mol
  
  Use the P-Cl bond energy and the atomization energy of POCl3 to determine the P-O bond energy in POCl3.
  
  D(P-O) = ........kJ/mol
  
  Answer:-
  the table @ http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/react2.htm
  lists the the average P-Cl bond energy as 79 kcal /mole, (aka 331kJ/mole)
  
  Using that table of bond energies to determine the atomization energy of PCl3 : you break 3 P-Cl bonds @ 331kJ each =
  your first answer: 993 kJ
  ==========================================
  
  I believe your second question wants us to use this reaction:
  PCl3 (g) --> P (g) & 3 Cl(g) to find a comparable bond ernergy instead of using the 79kj/mol
  
  PCl3 (g) --> P (g) & 3 Cl(g)
  dH reaction = dHf's products - reactants
  dH reaction = [ 316.4 kJ /mol P(g) & (3 mol)(121.7 kJ/mol Cl(g)] - [-288.07 kJ/mole PCl3(g)]
  
  dH reaction = 681.5 + 288.07
  
  dH reaction = 969.6 to break 3 P-Cl bonds
  
  so your answer to,... "the average P-Cl bond energy in PCl3" :
  969.6 / 3 = 323.2 kj / mol
  
  this tells you that it requires less energy to break the P-Cl bonds in PCl3 than the average P-Cl bond,... which means that those P-Cl bonds in PCl3 are more unstable than the average P-Cl bond
  =================================================
  
  
  the atomization energy of POCl3 , using dHf's for the reaction:
  POCl3 (g) --> P(g) & 3Cl (g) & O (g)
  
  dH reaction = dHf's products - reactants
  dH reaction = [ 316.4 kJ /mol P(g) & (3 mol)(121.7 kJ/mol Cl(g) & 247.5kJ/mol O] - [-542.2 kJ/mole POCl3(g)]
  
  dH reaction = 929.0 + 542.2
  
  dH reaction = 1471.1
  
  1471.1 = breaking 3moles P-Cl bonds & 1mole P=O bond
  1471.1 = (3mol P-Cl )(331 kJ/mole) & 1mole P=O bond
  1471.1 = 993 & 1mole P=O bond
  1mole P=O bond = 478 kJ/mole
  
  that answer compares closely to the textbook answer for P=O in POCl3 of 460 kJ/mol.
  
  realize that dH's & bond energies varyt from reference to reference, you may have to make adjustments to the calculations using your data tables
  
  
  
  
• Question:-Which of the elements: Al, Si, P, S, Cl, or Ar should have the lowest 4th ionization energy?
  Which of the elements: Al, Si, P, S, Cl, or Ar should have the lowest 4th ionization energy?
  
  Answer:-Silicon.-
• Question:-Why is a P-Cl bond in a molecule PCl5 is more polar than P-S in a molecule of P2S5?
  In terms of electronegativity.
  
  Answer:-because Cl is more electronegative than S
• Question:-What bond angle is the Cl-P-Cl and what Shape arrangement?
  
  
  Answer:-PCl3 or PCl5?
  
  PCl3 = 107 (109.5 - 1 * 2.5 for each lone pair)
  it's trigonal pyramidal
  
  PCl5 = 90 for axial and 120 for equatorial
  it's trigonal bipyramidal
• Question:-For PCl6 (-) some of the Cl-P-Cl bonds are 180. What is the angle of the other Cl-P-Cl bonds, in degrees?
  
  
  Answer:-not enough info to answer all triangles have to equal 180 you need to know what angles are there and sub for x x1 and x2
• Question:-In the bond Cl-P the dipole points toward the?
  In the bond Cl-P the dipole points toward the
  
  Cl or the P?
  
  Answer:-Cl, because it is more electronegative.
• Question:-What is K_p at 500 K for the reaction 2NO + Cl_2 <--> 2 NOCl?
  The partial pressures in an equilibrium mixture of NO, Cl_2, and NOCl at 500 K are as follows:
  P_NO = 0.240 atm, P_{Cl_2} = 0.608 atm, P_NOCl = 1.35 atm.
  
  Answer:-products on top and reactants on the bottom
  take the NOCl concentration to the 2nd power
  divded by
  the reactants NO to the 2nd power and Cl2 to the 1st power
• Question:-What is the ion for Na,Ca,K,Al,Sr,N,P,Cl,S,Br & I ?
  Can you please give me with the protons & electrons,at least ELECTRONS like this =
  Li => P=3 & E=2
  Thank u !
  
  Answer:-Ions are Na+, Ca2+, K+, Al3+, Sr2+, N3-, etc.
  It is easy to use the periodic table to work out what you want from there. You should be able to do that as it is simply electrons loss or gain , depending on ion charge.